Which of the following is the least likely cause of renal failure among TB patients?

In the context of tuberculosis (TB) patients, various factors can contribute to renal failure, but urinary tract infections (UTIs) are typically less likely to be a primary cause of renal failure in this population. While UTIs can impact kidney function, especially if they progress to pyelonephritis or cause severe complications, they are generally more common and less complicated than the other factors listed. The outcome of a UTI on renal function is often recoverable with appropriate treatment.

Disseminated TB with renal involvement can directly affect kidney function due to the presence of TB infections within the renal system, leading to more significant complications and a higher likelihood of renal failure. Concomitant renal problems can also exacerbate kidney dysfunction, especially in patients who may have pre-existing conditions affecting their renal health. Lastly, prior treatment of drug-resistant TB (DRTB) with second-line injectables (SLI) can lead to nephrotoxicity as a side effect of certain medications, making it a notable cause for renal failure.

Given these considerations, urinary tract infections are the least likely to be a cause of renal failure among TB patients when compared to the more serious and direct influences of disseminated TB, comorbid renal issues, and complications from specific treatments